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The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization

  1. What was the situation in Athens in 508 BC? In 508 B.C. Democracy started in Athens. The lower social class revolted.
  1. What class did Cleisthenes come from and what kind of power did this group exercise over Athenians? He was an Aristocrat and Aristocrats ruled Athens at this time.
  1. How did Aristotle describe life for most Athenians in the 6th century BC? Common people had no say in government. The country was in the hands of a few people.
  1. Where were the great civilizations in Cleisthenes day and how was Greece geographically different than these? The Great Civilizations were Egypt, Persia, and Rome, The Greeks had rugged mountains and multiple islands.
  1. What Greek city seemed the most likely to dominate all others politically during Cleisthenes' lifetime? Sparta dominated all others because they were focused on military and discipline.
  1. What specific stories inspired Cleisthenes and his fellow Greeks? Ancient tales and myths and the Oddessy poem.
  1. Describe Arete, the Greek ideal or vision of a hero. The ideal hero had a lot of strength and seized power for himself.
  1. What surprising political move did the ruler Pisistratus make to consolidate power in Athens? Pisistratus turned to the common people over the elite. He also lowered taxes for the Greek people.
  1. What was Athens' most valuable trading commodity? Athens's most valuable trading commodity was olive oil.
  1. What Athenian product that was almost worthless at the time now commonly fetches millions of dollars on the Antiquities market? What were the artisans who made these products' main motivation in doing such good work? 
    The Vase was a product that was useless back then but now it gets millions of dollars on antique markets. Their motivation was to make better vases than other artists.
  1. How was Hippias a different ruler than his father Pisistratus? What did he do to his father's reforms? He was a tyrant and his father was not. He ordered many executions.
  1. What did Cleisthenes do in 510 BC? How was Greek society in Athens changing at this time? He tried to overthrow Hippias.
  1. How had the Olympics changed from their founding to the days of Cleisthenes and how did this festival influence ordinary Greeks?  As time went on, normal greeks were allowed to participate in the games, not just aristocrats.
  1. Who did Isagoras turn to in 508 BC to help him overthrow Cleisthenes?  The Spartans
  1. What happened in Athens while Cleisthenes was in exile? What did this do for Cleisthenes? It made him lose power and it gave power to Isaagoras.

  1. What did Cleisthenes carve-out from the hillside that was near the Acropolis and why did he do this? What was this the beginning of? It is not sure why, but the impact was huge. It started a new grand era for the greeks and unvailed all greek potential.

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